⚡ OPEN SOURCE · PRIOR ART

The Best Stenomask
Ever Designed

A ground-up reimagining of the court-reporting stenomask using modern MEMS microphones, real-time DSP noise cancellation, and exponential-horn acoustic engineering. Open source. Buildable for $25.

$25
BOM Cost (Wired)
12ms
Latency
60+ dBA
Signal-to-Noise
55g
Mask Weight

↓ Full Design · BOM · Manufacturing Guide · License · GitHub →

Why Existing Stenomasks Are Terrible

The stenomask concept — sealing the mouth inside a mask to capture voice while blocking ambient noise — is sound. But every commercial implementation (Talk Tech, Martel, Stenomask Company) uses a $0.30 electret mic inside a padded plastic cup. The result: hollow, muffled, compressed audio that confuses speech recognition engines and costs $200-400. The designs haven't changed in 40 years.

🔊

Hollow / Muffled Sound

Sealed plastic cup creates cavity resonance at 200-400 Hz. Audio sounds like talking into a jar.

🎙️

Cheap Components

$200-400 retail for a padded cup with a $0.30 electret capsule. Massive markup, no innovation.

🧠

No DSP

Zero signal processing. No noise cancellation, no EQ, no optimization for ASR engines.

🦾

Hand Fatigue

Holding a mask to your face for 6-8 hours causes wrist, hand, and jaw strain. No ergonomic alternative.

🎲

QC Lottery

Mic capsule floats inside the cup. Position shifts between units. Inconsistent audio quality.

🔌

Analog Degradation

3.5mm analog output over long cables picks up EMI, ground loops, and signal loss.

How OpenStenoMask Solves Every Problem

Commercial Stenomask

  • Single cheap electret capsule ($0.30)
  • Sealed cup = 200-400 Hz boom
  • Foam absorbs consonant detail
  • 3.5mm analog cable
  • Mic position floats inside cup
  • Hand-held only
  • Foam degrades in weeks
  • $200-400 retail
  • No DSP, no noise cancellation
  • ASR WER: 12-18%

OpenStenoMask

  • Dual MEMS capsules, PCB-mounted ($2.85 ea)
  • Exponential horn + tuned port eliminates boom
  • Extended HF response captures consonants
  • USB-C digital output (UAC 1.0)
  • Mic array fixed to PCB — zero movement
  • Carbon fiber headband with magnetic dock
  • Medical-grade silicone seal — lasts years
  • $25 BOM / $31 with Bluetooth
  • Full DSP: spectral subtraction + ASR EQ
  • ASR WER target: <5%

Five Key Innovations

1. Exponential Horn Chamber

The interior is not a cup — it's a truncated exponential horn (95×70mm mouth, 40×25mm throat, 55mm deep). This provides acoustic impedance matching between the vocal tract and mic capsule, with a natural high-pass characteristic that suppresses boominess. Non-parallel walls (8° splay) eliminate standing waves.

2. Dual MEMS Microphone Array

Two Knowles SPH0641LU4H-1 PDM MEMS mics, 20mm apart, hard-mounted to the PCB. PDM digital output means no analog noise, ever. Summing the pair gives +3 dB signal gain over noise. The mic position is physically fixed — no QC lottery.

3. Spectral Subtraction Noise Cancellation

A third MEMS mic on the exterior captures room noise. The RP2040 MCU runs 256-point FFT-based spectral subtraction: estimating noise spectrum during silence and subtracting it from the voice signal, band by band. No anti-phase artifacts — just clean speech.

4. ASR-Optimized EQ + Compressor

Five biquad filters shaped for speech recognition: high-pass at 90 Hz, -4 dB cut at 250 Hz (boom), +4 dB boost at 3.5 kHz (consonants), +3 dB at 6.5 kHz (sibilants), -3 dB shelf at 10 kHz. A feed-forward compressor normalizes level so quiet and loud talkers both feed ASR consistently.

5. Hands-Free Carbon Fiber Harness

Magnetic quick-release headband made from carbon fiber tow. The mask snaps in with 4 neodymium magnets (1.5 kg holding force). Total system weight: 100g. No hand strain. Counterbalanced rear weight. Fits 50th-95th percentile heads.

Bonus: Tuned Helmholtz Port

A 6mm × 18mm port tuned to 280 Hz creates a controlled low-frequency escape path. This reduces internal chamber pressure without leaking voice, and doubles as a breath-pressure relief vent.

Full Technical Design

The complete engineering specification is in design-spec.md. Below are the key subsystems.

Acoustic Chamber

ParameterValueRationale
GeometryTruncated exponential hornImpedance matching, natural high-pass
Mouth opening95mm × 70mm (elliptical)Covers mouth + lower nose
Throat40mm × 25mmMic PCB footprint
Depth55mmCompact but sufficient horn length
Interior volume~110 cm³Small enough to isolate, large enough to breathe
Wall splay8° non-parallelEliminates standing waves / comb filtering
Wall treatment3mm polyester acoustic feltAbsorbs 2-6 kHz reflections
Tuned port6mm × 18mm (280 Hz Helmholtz)Low-frequency pressure relief
Face sealMedical silicone o-ring (6mm, 50 Shore A)Airtight, comfortable, wipeable, durable

Microphone Selection

MicTypeSNROutputCostRole
Knowles SPH0641LU4H-1MEMS omnidirectional65 dBAPDM digital$2.85Voice capture (×2)
Knowles SPH0641VD4H-1MEMS omnidirectional65 dBAPDM digital$2.85Noise reference (×1)
Alternative: TDK T5838MEMS64 dBAPDM digital$2.50Drop-in replacement
Alternative: Infineon IM69D130MEMS69 dBAI²S$4.20Best SNR, higher cost

DSP Signal Chain

// Signal flow — RP2040 firmware (16 kHz / 24-bit internal) 3× PDM mics → PIO → CIC decimation → 16 kHz / 24-bit PCMSum L+R → mono voice signal ↓ 256-pt FFT → 16 perceptual bands (Bark scale) ↓ Spectral subtraction → noise removal using reference mic ↓ 5-band biquad EQ → ASR-optimized frequency shaping ↓ Feed-forward compressor → 2:1 ratio, level normalization ↓ USB Audio Class 1.0 → 16 kHz / 16-bit mono → computer

Electrical Block Diagram

Schematic — see hardware/schematic.svg

Bill of Materials

$24.32
wired BOM · vs. $200-400 for a commercial stenomask

Full BOM with supplier links: bill-of-materials.md

CategoryKey ComponentsSubtotal
Electronics 3× Knowles SPH0641 mics, RP2040 MCU, AP2112K LDO, USB-C, PCB, passives $13.92
Mechanical / Shell PETG filament, acoustic felt, silicone o-ring, acoustic mesh, hardware $4.00
Harness Carbon fiber band, 8× N42 magnets, silicone pads, counterweight $6.40
Total (Wired) $24.32
Optional: BLE Audio nRF5340, 100mAh LiPo, charge IC, antenna, crystal +$6.95
⚡ Solar + BLE Variant
Flexible CIGS solar film (25cm²) Powerfoyle or equivalent thin-film, laminated to shell exterior $4.50
MPPT charger TI BQ25570 energy harvesting IC $2.80
Supercapacitor buffer (2× 10F) Eaton/Maxwell, handles BLE transmit bursts $3.20
LiPo battery (200mAh) Standard 802030, fits in headband housing $3.50
BLE module (upgraded) nRF5340 dual-core, LC3 codec, BLE 5.3 Audio $8.00
Total (Solar + BLE) $46.32

☀️ Solar Harvesting

Flexible CIGS thin-film laminated to the mask shell + headband strap. Harvests from ambient office light (300-500 lux) and direct window light. Supercapacitor buffer handles BLE transmit bursts. Target: 8+ hour sessions without plug-in charging.

  • Indoor (500 lux): ~0.4 mW sustained — maintains standby + slow charge between sessions
  • Window light (10K lux): ~75 mW — sustains active BLE streaming
  • LiPo battery: 200mAh provides ~25 hrs BLE audio streaming baseline
  • Solar extends battery life during breaks and ambient exposure

Manufacturing Guide

What You Need

Build Steps

  1. Order PCB from JLCPCB — upload Gerbers, select 4-layer, 0.6mm FR4, ENIG finish (~$12 for 5 boards)
  2. Order components from DigiKey/LCSC per the BOM
  3. Solder PCB: Start with passives, then ICs, then USB-C connector. Use stencil + reflow if available.
  4. Flash firmware: Hold BOOTSEL, plug into USB, copy openstenomask.uf2 to the mounted drive. Device enumerates as "OpenStenoMask".
  5. Print mask shell: PETG, 0.2mm layer, 4 walls, 100% infill, tree supports. ~4 hours.
  6. Print harness parts: PETG, 0.2mm layer, 3 walls, 40% gyroid infill. ~2 hours.
  7. Laminate carbon fiber bands: Epoxy the tow into the headband channels. Cure 4 hours.
  8. Assemble: Slide in PCB, install felt, install o-ring, attach magnets, assemble harness.
  9. Test: Plug into computer, record in Audacity. Verify clean speech, minimal noise. Run through Whisper CLI for WER test.

STL Files

Geometry descriptions for all printable parts are in stl-descriptions.md. These are precise enough to model in Fusion 360, FreeCAD, or OpenSCAD. The STL files will be published as community members model and validate them.

stenomask/ ├── index.html — this page ├── design-spec.md — full 13-section engineering whitepaper ├── bill-of-materials.md — complete BOM with supplier links ├── firmware/ │ ├── CMakeLists.txt — Pico SDK build system │ ├── README.md — build & flash instructions │ └── src/ │ ├── main.c — entry point, core scheduler │ ├── pdm_capture.c/.h — PIO PDM + CIC decimation │ ├── pdm_capture.pio — PIO assembly program │ ├── spectral_subtraction.c/.h — noise cancellation DSP │ ├── eq.c/.h — 5-band biquad EQ │ ├── compressor.c/.h — feed-forward compressor │ ├── usb_audio.c/.h — UAC 1.0 USB audio device │ └── coefficients.h — computed filter coefficients ├── hardware/ │ ├── schematic.svg — electrical block diagram │ ├── stl-descriptions.md — 3D-printable part geometry specs │ └── README.md — net list, manufacturing notes

⚖️ Prior Art Declaration

This design is published as prior art. By releasing the full technical specification, schematics, firmware, and mechanical designs publicly, we establish that these innovations were known and publicly disclosed as of August 9, 2026. This prevents any party from patenting the specific novel elements of this design.

Novel claims established as prior art:

  • Dual-mic MEMS array inside an exponential horn stenomask chamber
  • PDM-direct-to-MCU architecture for stenomask audio capture
  • Spectral subtraction noise cancellation using an exterior reference mic in a stenomask
  • ASR-optimized EQ profile integrated into stenomask firmware
  • Inflatable silicone face seal for stenomasks
  • Magnetic quick-release headband harness for stenomasks
  • Helmholtz resonator tuning port integrated into stenomask shell

This is not legal advice. For formal defensive publication, consult a patent attorney. The designs are additionally protected by the CERN-OHL-S v2 reciprocal license.

Open Source License

Everything in this project is open source. No commercial restrictions. No proprietary encumbrances. Build it, sell it, modify it, improve it.

CERN-OHL-S v2

Hardware

Schematics, PCB layout, mechanical designs, STL files

cern-ohl.web.cern.ch

GPL-3.0

Firmware & Software

All RP2040 firmware, DSP code, build system

gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0

CC-BY-SA 4.0

Documentation

This page, design spec, BOM, assembly guides

creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0